Neanderthal Cave Structures - Revision history

http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures Neanderthal Cave Structures - Revision history 2026-07-27T02:03:26Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.3 http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=1171&oldid=prev Tenementofnaught at 14:13, 7 February 2022 2022-02-07T14:13:21Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:13, 7 February 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> and among the oldest built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> and among the oldest built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structure </del>on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped, however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">construction </ins>on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped, however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller circle adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller circle adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td></tr>  </table>

Tenementofnaught http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=1170&oldid=prev Tenementofnaught at 14:11, 7 February 2022 2022-02-07T14:11:39Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:11, 7 February 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l6">Line 6:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller circle adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller circle adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:02-cave-rings-bruniquel-france.ngsversion.1464195781861.adapt.945.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The larger structure is 6.7 meters (22 feet) across, while the smaller one is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Xavier MUTH - Get in Situ/Archéotransfert/Archéovision -SHS-3D/base photographique Pascal Mora]]Uranium-series dating has established consistent ages of around 175,000 years for the creation of the structures. The dating procedure involved sampling the material of the stalagmites and the calcite layers that have grown over them in the millennia since the arrangements were laid out.<ref>Ibid.</ref> The site has been remarkably well preserved, the original entrance to the cave having been sealed by rock fall before the end of the Pleistocene period.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:02-cave-rings-bruniquel-france.ngsversion.1464195781861.adapt.945.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The larger structure is 6.7 meters (22 feet) across, while the smaller one is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Xavier MUTH - Get in Situ/Archéotransfert/Archéovision -SHS-3D/base photographique Pascal Mora]]Uranium-series dating has established consistent ages of around 175,000 years for the creation of the structures. The dating procedure involved sampling the material of the stalagmites<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>and the calcite layers that have grown over them in the millennia since the arrangements were laid out.<ref>Ibid.</ref> The site has been remarkably well preserved, the original entrance to the cave having been sealed by rock fall before the end of the Pleistocene period.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of the constructions remains mysterious. Evidence of charring at multiple locations appears to confirm the existence of hearths.<ref>Josh Davis, "[http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/structures-built-neanderthals-discovered-french-cave/ Oldest Known Neanderthal Construction Found In French Cave Is 176,000 Years Old]," ''IFL Science'', May 26, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> The site is well beyond the reach of daylight from the cave's original entrance. The discovery is considered of major significance to our understanding of hominid development, demonstrating Neanderthal deep cave use and a degree of social organisation not previously evidenced at sites in use this early in European prehistory.<ref>Drake, "Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles."</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of the constructions remains mysterious. Evidence of charring at multiple locations appears to confirm the existence of hearths.<ref>Josh Davis, "[http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/structures-built-neanderthals-discovered-french-cave/ Oldest Known Neanderthal Construction Found In French Cave Is 176,000 Years Old]," ''IFL Science'', May 26, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> The site is well beyond the reach of daylight from the cave's original entrance. The discovery is considered of major significance to our understanding of hominid development, demonstrating Neanderthal deep cave use and a degree of social organisation not previously evidenced at sites in use this early in European prehistory.<ref>Drake, "Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles."</ref></div></td></tr>  </table>

Tenementofnaught http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=1169&oldid=prev Tenementofnaught at 14:11, 7 February 2022 2022-02-07T14:11:11Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:11, 7 February 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l6">Line 6:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller circle adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller circle adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:02-cave-rings-bruniquel-france.ngsversion.1464195781861.adapt.945.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The larger structure is 6.7 meters (22 feet) across, while the smaller one is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Xavier MUTH - Get in Situ/Archéotransfert/Archéovision -SHS-3D/base photographique Pascal Mora]]Uranium-series dating has established consistent ages of around 175,000 years for the creation of the structures. The dating procedure involved sampling the material of the stalagmites and the calcite layers that have grown over them in the millennia since the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">constructions was </del>laid out.<ref>Ibid.</ref> The site has been remarkably well preserved, the original entrance to the cave having been sealed by rock fall before the end of the Pleistocene period.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:02-cave-rings-bruniquel-france.ngsversion.1464195781861.adapt.945.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The larger structure is 6.7 meters (22 feet) across, while the smaller one is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Xavier MUTH - Get in Situ/Archéotransfert/Archéovision -SHS-3D/base photographique Pascal Mora]]Uranium-series dating has established consistent ages of around 175,000 years for the creation of the structures. The dating procedure involved sampling the material of the stalagmites and the calcite layers that have grown over them in the millennia since the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">arrangements were </ins>laid out.<ref>Ibid.</ref> The site has been remarkably well preserved, the original entrance to the cave having been sealed by rock fall before the end of the Pleistocene period.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of the constructions remains mysterious. Evidence of charring at multiple locations appears to confirm the existence of hearths.<ref>Josh Davis, "[http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/structures-built-neanderthals-discovered-french-cave/ Oldest Known Neanderthal Construction Found In French Cave Is 176,000 Years Old]," ''IFL Science'', May 26, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> The site is well beyond the reach of daylight from the cave's original entrance. The discovery is considered of major significance to our understanding of hominid development, demonstrating Neanderthal deep cave use and a degree of social organisation not previously evidenced at sites in use this early in European prehistory.<ref>Drake, "Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles."</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of the constructions remains mysterious. Evidence of charring at multiple locations appears to confirm the existence of hearths.<ref>Josh Davis, "[http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/structures-built-neanderthals-discovered-french-cave/ Oldest Known Neanderthal Construction Found In French Cave Is 176,000 Years Old]," ''IFL Science'', May 26, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> The site is well beyond the reach of daylight from the cave's original entrance. The discovery is considered of major significance to our understanding of hominid development, demonstrating Neanderthal deep cave use and a degree of social organisation not previously evidenced at sites in use this early in European prehistory.<ref>Drake, "Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles."</ref></div></td></tr>  </table>

Tenementofnaught http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=1168&oldid=prev Tenementofnaught at 14:10, 7 February 2022 2022-02-07T14:10:33Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:10, 7 February 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l6">Line 6:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller circle adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller circle adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:02-cave-rings-bruniquel-france.ngsversion.1464195781861.adapt.945.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The larger structure is 6.7 meters (22 feet) across, while the smaller one is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Xavier MUTH - Get in Situ/Archéotransfert/Archéovision -SHS-3D/base photographique Pascal Mora]]Uranium-series dating has established consistent ages of around 175,000 years for the creation of the structures. The dating procedure involved sampling the material of the stalagmites and the calcite layers that have grown over them in the millennia since the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structure </del>was laid out.<ref>Ibid.</ref> The site has been remarkably well preserved, the original entrance to the cave having been sealed by rock fall before the end of the Pleistocene period.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:02-cave-rings-bruniquel-france.ngsversion.1464195781861.adapt.945.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The larger structure is 6.7 meters (22 feet) across, while the smaller one is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Xavier MUTH - Get in Situ/Archéotransfert/Archéovision -SHS-3D/base photographique Pascal Mora]]Uranium-series dating has established consistent ages of around 175,000 years for the creation of the structures. The dating procedure involved sampling the material of the stalagmites and the calcite layers that have grown over them in the millennia since the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">constructions </ins>was laid out.<ref>Ibid.</ref> The site has been remarkably well preserved, the original entrance to the cave having been sealed by rock fall before the end of the Pleistocene period.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of the constructions remains mysterious. Evidence of charring <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on </del>multiple locations <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of the structure </del>appears to confirm the existence of hearths.<ref>Josh Davis, "[http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/structures-built-neanderthals-discovered-french-cave/ Oldest Known Neanderthal Construction Found In French Cave Is 176,000 Years Old]," ''IFL Science'', May 26, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> The site is well beyond the reach of daylight from the cave's original entrance. The discovery is considered of major significance to our understanding of hominid development, demonstrating Neanderthal deep cave use and a degree of social organisation not previously evidenced at sites in use this early in European prehistory.<ref>Drake, "Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles."</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The purpose of the constructions remains mysterious. Evidence of charring <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">at </ins>multiple locations appears to confirm the existence of hearths.<ref>Josh Davis, "[http://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/structures-built-neanderthals-discovered-french-cave/ Oldest Known Neanderthal Construction Found In French Cave Is 176,000 Years Old]," ''IFL Science'', May 26, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> The site is well beyond the reach of daylight from the cave's original entrance. The discovery is considered of major significance to our understanding of hominid development, demonstrating Neanderthal deep cave use and a degree of social organisation not previously evidenced at sites in use this early in European prehistory.<ref>Drake, "Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles."</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Refs}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Refs}}</div></td></tr> </table>

Tenementofnaught http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=1167&oldid=prev Tenementofnaught at 14:08, 7 February 2022 2022-02-07T14:08:04Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:08, 7 February 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Line 4:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped, however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped, however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structure </del>adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">circle </ins>adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:02-cave-rings-bruniquel-france.ngsversion.1464195781861.adapt.945.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The larger structure is 6.7 meters (22 feet) across, while the smaller one is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Xavier MUTH - Get in Situ/Archéotransfert/Archéovision -SHS-3D/base photographique Pascal Mora]]Uranium-series dating has established consistent ages of around 175,000 years for the creation of the structures. The dating procedure involved sampling the material of the stalagmites and the calcite layers that have grown over them in the millennia since the structure was laid out.<ref>Ibid.</ref> The site has been remarkably well preserved, the original entrance to the cave having been sealed by rock fall before the end of the Pleistocene period.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:02-cave-rings-bruniquel-france.ngsversion.1464195781861.adapt.945.1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The larger structure is 6.7 meters (22 feet) across, while the smaller one is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Xavier MUTH - Get in Situ/Archéotransfert/Archéovision -SHS-3D/base photographique Pascal Mora]]Uranium-series dating has established consistent ages of around 175,000 years for the creation of the structures. The dating procedure involved sampling the material of the stalagmites and the calcite layers that have grown over them in the millennia since the structure was laid out.<ref>Ibid.</ref> The site has been remarkably well preserved, the original entrance to the cave having been sealed by rock fall before the end of the Pleistocene period.</div></td></tr> </table>

Tenementofnaught http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=1166&oldid=prev Tenementofnaught at 14:07, 7 February 2022 2022-02-07T14:07:08Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:07, 7 February 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> and among the oldest built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> and among the oldest built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller structure adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The arrangements are constructed from up to four hundred stalagmites<ref>Nadia Drake, "[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology/ Neanderthals Built Mysterious Stone Circles]," ''National Geographic'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> broken off from other parts of the cave and laid out horizontally in overlapping layers to create low-walled semi-enclosed areas, the larger measuring 6.7 meters (22 feet) across. Vertically positioned stalagmite parts are also in evidence and appear to have been used to strengthen and support the horizontal elements. The smaller structure adjacent is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) across.<ref>Callaway, "Neanderthals built cave structures." </ref></div></td></tr>  </table>

Tenementofnaught http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=1165&oldid=prev Tenementofnaught at 14:06, 7 February 2022 2022-02-07T14:06:28Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:06, 7 February 2022</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:728.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Image: Michel Soulier/SSAC]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:728.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Image: Michel Soulier/SSAC]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> and among the oldest <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of </del>built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> and among the oldest built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td></tr>  </table>

Tenementofnaught http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=658&oldid=prev 74.73.139.53 at 16:23, 5 December 2017 2017-12-05T16:23:12Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:23, 5 December 2017</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:728.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Image: Michel Soulier/SSAC]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:728.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Image: Michel Soulier/SSAC]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe, and among the oldest of built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> </ins>and among the oldest of built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td></tr> </table>

74.73.139.53 http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=657&oldid=prev 74.73.139.53 at 16:22, 5 December 2017 2017-12-05T16:22:51Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:22, 5 December 2017</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:728.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Image: Michel Soulier/SSAC]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:728.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Image: Michel Soulier/SSAC]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> </del>and among the oldest of built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe, and among the oldest of built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td></tr>  </table>

74.73.139.53 http://www.archiwik.org/index.php?title=Neanderthal_Cave_Structures&diff=656&oldid=prev 74.73.139.53 at 03:42, 5 December 2017 2017-12-05T03:42:00Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:42, 4 December 2017</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:728.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Image: Michel Soulier/SSAC]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:728.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Image: Michel Soulier/SSAC]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe, and among the oldest of built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Neanderthal cave structures are arrangements of stalagmites discovered in the Bruniquel Cave in south-west France that have been dated to around 175,000 years ago, well before the migration of modern humans into Europe,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ref>Generally considered to have occurred between 75,000 and 45,000 years ago. See: Hua Liu, Franck Prugnolle, Andrea Manica, and François Balloux, "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559480/ A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', May 30, 2006, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref> </ins>and among the oldest of built structures yet to have been discovered.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cave was initially explored by speleologists in the early 1990's who discovered, around 300 meters from the entrance, a low semi-circular structure on the cave floor, as well as other smaller assemblages. Work on the site stopped however, when the lead archaeologist died in 1999, only to be picked up again in 2013 by a team led by Sophie Verheyden, a palaeoclimatologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.<ref>Ewen Callaway, "[http://www.nature.com/news/neanderthals-built-cave-structures-and-no-one-knows-why-1.19975 Neanderthals built cave structures — and no one knows why]," ''Nature'', May 25, 2016, retrieved August 30, 2016</ref></div></td></tr> </table>

74.73.139.53